2023暑假高二阅读专题练习：认识压力（含答案）

良好阅读习惯：阅读可以提高专注力，减少压力。 #生活乐趣# #生活分享# #健康生活贴士# #每日健康小知识#

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2023暑假高二阅读专题练习：认识压力
一、阅读理解
You may have been told to “look on the good side” or to “see the cup as half full”. It is likely that the people making these comments are positive thinkers. Researchers are finding more and more evidence that optimism and positive thinking have many benefits.
When faced with stressful situations, positive thinkers are more effective than pessimists (悲观主义者).Rather than dwelling on their frustrations or things that they cannot change， they will design a plan of action and ask others for help and advice.
In recent years, researchers have found that your mind can have a powerful impact on your body. Immunity(免疫力)is one area where your thoughts and attitudes can have a particularly powerful influence. In one study, researchers found that motivation in brain areas associated with negative emotions led to a weakened immune response to a flu vaccine. Researchers Segerstrom and Sephton found that people who were optimistic about a specific and important part of their lives, such as how well they were doing in school, showed a stronger immune response than those who had a more negative view of the situation.
Positive thinking can not only affect your ability to cope with stress and your immunity, but also affect your overall happiness, including reducing the risk of death due to cardiovascular(心血管的) problems， less depression and an increased lifespan.
Although researchers don’t entirely understand why positive thinking is beneficial to health, some people believe that positive people may lead to healthier lifestyles. By coping better with stress and avoiding unhealthy behaviors, they are able to improve their health and happiness.
It may not be surprising to learn that positive thinking can play an important role in the ability to adapt. When dealing with a challenge, optimists usually think about what they can do to solve the problem. Instead of giving up hope, they make use of their resources and are willing to ask others for help.
1．What does the underlined part “dwelling on” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Calling on. B．Living on.
C．Deciding on. D．Focusing on.
2．What do researchers find about a positive mind
A．It is a complex system.
B．It is key to people’s emotions.
C．It can make immunity strengthened.
D．It leads to a weaker immune response.
3．Why can positive people lead a healthier life
A．They seldom have stress.
B．They have a balanced diet.
C．They deal with stress better.
D．They can solve problems on their own.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Strengths of positive thinking
B．Positive and negative thinking
C．Ways to form positive thinking
D．Stress and positive thinking
Maybe you recently lost your job. Maybe you broke up with your girlfriend.Or maybe a driver hit the back of your car and destroyed it.We all probably faced these situations at one time or another. Whether it’s one of the above or something else that got you down and made it difficult to get back up again, there is one quick and easy way to help you feel better. It’s called relativity.
Relativity is a psychological tool that helps people judge their situations from different viewpoints and minimize(最小化)feelings of self-pity. No matter what the negative situation is, it works really well to help someone recover from a hard time.
For example, you find yourself trapped in work assignments, hardly having time to come up for air. Your workload is eating into your personal life and even weekends. You’re unhappy, underpaid, and not getting time to rest. But how does this situation compare to someone that doesn’t have a job, or is homeless or can’t afford his family All of a sudden, your crazy busy work life doesn’t seem all that bad. All of a sudden, you’re able to feel thankful that you have a job and have money coming in and that you have a roof over your head.
The point of using relativity is to show you that no matter how difficult your current situation is,there’s always someone who has a much worse situation. Relativity helps us understand that the grass isn’t always greener on the other side.
The best way to recover from a difficult situation is to use relativity to measure the situation. You’ll often find it’s never as bad as you had thought. This will immediately make you feel better and truly thankful for all that you have. After that, it’s time to outline the steps you need to take to get back on the horse. But wherever you find yourself right now, use relativity to make you feel better and help you walk down the path to your final goal.
5．The text most probably is written for people_____.
A．lacking social skills. B．not having confidence.
C．not knowing their life goals. D．faced with depressing moments.
6．Why does the writer advise people to use relativity
A．It can improve one’s health. B．It reduces negative situations.
C．It will help peope ignore trouble. D．It makes people benefit from thinking differently.
7．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph4 mean
A．Bad situations usually can’t get any worse.
B．Our situations are not surely worse than others’.
C．The other side of things may bring us a surprise.
D．Unpleasant experiences will become our greatest wealth.
8．Which of the following would the writer agree with
A．We should be grateful for our life. B．Heavy workload destroys people’s life.
C．Clear goals help people succeed easily. D．People need to face worse situations directly.
Many people often say there is more stress (压力) in today’s society than in years past. In fact, these people are comparing our lives with that of the cave man, who didn’t have to worry about the stock market or the atomic bomb. They forget that the cave man worried about being eaten by a bear while he was asleep, or about dying of hunger--things that few people worry much about today.
Actually stress is a normal state of affairs, and it’s important that people understand what they are talking about when they speak about stress. Whenever anyone experiences something unpleasant, for lack of a better word they say they are under stress. Yet there is such a thing as pleasant stress--as in the case of the Olympic winner at the moment of his glory, or a conductor as his orchestra(乐队) performs particularly well. They are just sending out excitement, and they are giving off all the stress hormones(荷尔蒙)exactly the same as if they were in low spirits or had just heard of a death in the family. We call the pleasant or healthy kind “eustress” and the unpleasant or unhealthy kind “distress”.
Then how can people deal with stress The secret is not to avoid it but to “do your own thing”. It implies doing what you like to do and what you are made to do at your own speed. For most people, it is really a matter of learning how to live and how to behave in various situations, to decide: “Do I really want to take my father’s business or be a musician ” If you really want to be a musician, then be one.
9．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．Modern people experiences more stress than the cave man.
B．The cave man experienced more stress than modern people.
C．People don’t suffer more stress today; it’s just that they think they do.
D．Modern people have the same worries as the cave man did.
10．In which of the following situations will you feel “eustress”
A．Your favorite football team has lost an important game.
B．You have failed an important examination.
C．You are informed of an accident of your best friend.
D．You have won the first prize in an English competition.
11．The purpose of writing the passage is to let us know______.
A．stress does not necessarily refer to unpleasant experience
B．distress is what people call the pleasant kind of stress
C．an Olympic winner feels the same stress as one who loses a family member
D．people will feel eustress and distress at the same time
12．According to the passage, how can people deal with stress
A．Do things that you really want to do.
B．Do whatever you’re expected to do.
C．Try to do things successfully.
D．Refuse to do whatever you’re told to.
Japanese students work very hard but many are unhappy. They feel heavy pressures from their parents to do well in school. Most students are always being told by their parents to study harder so that they can have a wonderful life. Though this may be good ideas for those very bright students，it can have very bad results for many students who are not quick enough at learning.
Unfortunately, a number of students killed themselves. Others are after comfort in using drugs. Some do bad things with trouble-makers and turn to crime. Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have disappointed their parents. Such students feel that they are less important and leave school before they have finished their study.
It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they are not able to help their children and that it is the teachers' work to help their children. To make matters worse, a lot of parents send their children to special school called juku-cram schools. These schools are open during the evening and on weekends, and their only purpose is to prepare students to pass exams, they do not try to educate students in any real sense of the real world. It thus comes as a shock to realize that almost three quarters of the junior or high school population attend these cram schools.
Ordinary Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students' hair to their clothes and things in their school bag. Child psychologists now think that such strict rules often lead to a feeling of being unsafe and being unable to fit into society. They regard the rules as being harmful to the development of each student. They believe that no sense of moral values is developed and that students are given neither guidance nor training in becoming good citizens.
13．A lot of Japanese students are unhappy at school because _______.
A．they work very hard
B．they find they can't do well at school
C．they feel unimportant
D．they are under too much pressure
14．Because of their failure at school, some students take drugs to _______.
A．kill themselves B．seek comfort
C．disappoint their parents D．make trouble
15．In juku-cram schools students _________．
A．are taken good care of by the teachers
B．feel no pressure
C．are trained to pass exams
D．can learn a lot of useful things
16．In ordinary Japanese schools,______________ ．
A．there are strict rules B．students feel safe
C．students can do anything D．learning is not important
Given the opportunity, plenty of people would probably choose to get rid of stress entirely from their lives. Amazing new findings from the University of Georgia, however, indicate that a little bit of stress can actually be very beneficial to both body and brain.
When we’re stressed, we’re usually forced to deal with unpredictable or tense situations that can eat away at our bodies physically. While these scenarios (设想) are almost never fun in the moment, they serve to push us out of our comfort zones ― and that can be a good thing for the mind.
Researchers say that low to moderate (适度的) levels of stress appear to promote improved working memory, which refers to short-term information people use to complete everyday tasks. Not surprisingly, study authors stress that these benefits are limited to moderate stress. Once stress levels reach high levels, it can be dangerous to one’s health. “The bad outcomes of stress are pretty clear and not new,” says lead study author Assaf Oshri, an associate professor in the College of Family and Consumer Sciences, in a university release.
The research team analyzed a series of MRI scans (核磁共振成像) of over 1,000 people from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds. Results show that people who experienced low to moderate stress levels had increased activity in the parts of their brains involved with working memory. Conversely, those dealing with chronic high levels of stress showed a decline in those same brain areas.
Study subjects were asked questions about how frequently they experienced certain thoughts or feelings. For instance, “In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly ” and “In the last month, how often have you found that you could not deal with all tie things that you had to do ”
Participants’ social networks were also analyzed via a number of different measures. Examples include how they felt about their own ability to handle unexpected events, how satisfied they were that their lives matter and are meaningful, and the availability of friend-based support across their social networks.
To assess working memory, subjects were shown a series of four types of images of things like tools and individuals’ faces. Then, later on they were asked to remember whether they were the same photos they were shown before. Study authors analyzed MRIs showing subjects’ brains as they completed the tasks.
Notably, people who reported high levels of social support from friends and family were better able to deal with low to moderate stress levels in a healthy way .
“You need to have the right resources to be strengthened by misfortune and stress,” Prof. Oshri concludes. “For some people, being exposed to stress is a good thing. But for others, maybe not. It’s possible that you can sand more stress if you have a supportive community or family.”
17．What does underlined word that in Para.2 refer to
A．Unpredictable or tense situations are not fun in the moment.
B．Unpredictable or tense situations can force us out of comfort zones.
C．Low-to-moderate levels of stress can promote improved working memory.
D．A little bit of stress can be very beneficial to both body and brain.
18．How did the team carry out the research
A．By comparing experimental data with previous ones.
B．By analyzing participants, medical reports and social networks.
C．By referring to research reports of existing researches.
D．By asking the participants to fill in questionnaires.
19．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Every coin has two sides. B．No sweet without sweat.
C．Time waits for no man. D．One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
20．What is the text mainly about
A．A proper amount of stress can benefit us mentally and physically.
B．It’s confirmed that high levels of stress can do harm to our health.
C．Working memory is an important indicator of our present health.
D．A supportive community or family can help us deal with stress in a healthy way.
Come on! All of us are cutting math. Who wants to take that quiz We’re going to take a walk and get lunch instead. Let’s go!” says the coolest kid in your class. Do you do what you know is right and go to math class, take the quiz Or do you give in and go with them
People who are at your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence you how to act, to get you to do something, it’s called peer pressure. It’s something everyone has to deal with—even adults.
Peers influence your life, even if you don’t realize it, just by spending time with you. You learn from them, and they learn from you. It’s only human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group.
Peers can have a positive influence on each other. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in the solar system. Or you got others excited about your new favorite book, and now everyone is reading it. Sometimes peers influence each other in negative ways. For example, a few kids in school might try to get you to cut class with them.
It’s difficult to say “no” to peer pressure, but you can do it. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do.
It can really help to have at least one other peer, or friend, who is willing to say “no” too. If you continue to face peer pressure and you’re finding it difficult to handle, talk to someone you trust, a parent, or a teacher. They can help you feel much better and prepare you for the next time you face peer pressure.
21．With his words in the first paragraph, the kid is ________.
A．planning some interesting activities after school
B．talking about a dinner party
C．asking other kids to take a quiz with him
D．encouraging other kids to cut a class
22．According to the author, _________.
A．peer pressure does kids more harm than good
B．math is the most difficult subject for most kids
C．kids today are under greater pressure than before
D．peer pressure exists among people of all age groups
23．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Peer pressure. B．Your time.
C．Your life. D．Human nature.
24．It’s suggested in the last paragraph that the readers _______.
A．make more close friends while at school
B．learn to refuse their friends in a polite way
C．get support from someone else if it’s necessary
D．build closer relations with their parents and teachers
25．What’s the best title for the text
A．Cutting a class B．Peer pressure
C．Asking for help D．Problems in school
At the office that day, Martha was left to keep her eyes open until after the lunch hour. Then Mr Max Cohen brought her a document to copy. She was so anxious she had to start afresh three times. And when he came to fetch it, all that had been achieved were the words “Memorandum of an Agreement of Sale” typed across the top of the sheet. She shrank under his impatient assurance that it did not matter in the least, and she must take her time. Her fingers were heavy and trembling, and her head was thick. To type two pages of his small neat writing into something clean and pleasant to look at seemed to her, just then, an impossibly difficult task. He went home without coming to her desk again, and she decided she would come early next morning and do it before anyone else arrived.
Mrs Buss, on her way out, asked, “Have you got any certificates ” Martha said no. She had learned to type at home. Mrs Buss said nothing, but merely nodded absent-mindedly, for her eyes were on the elegant Mrs Jasper Cohen. Martha could barely see where she was going as she left the office. What she said to herself was, “I won’t spend the rest of my life typing this stupid jargon”.
She then went into the building of the ZambesiNews. She was going to see if Mr Spur, an old journalist whom she had known as a child, could offer her any kind of position. She was in the building about half an hour, and when she came out, her face was hot with embarrassment. It had been so painful she could not bear to remember what had happened. What she must remember was that she had no qualifications at all.
26．Why did Martha find her first day at the office difficult
A．She was too nervous to think. B．Mr Cohen was not easy to please.
C．The task given to her was very difficult. D．She was not used to working under pressure.
27．By the end of the day, which of the following was true of Martha
A．She had decided to work overtime. B．She hadn't finished her typing work.
C．She hadn't thought she would be blamed. D．She knew Mr Cohen was disappointed in her.
28．What might be Mrs Buss's attitude towards Martha
A．She seemed eager to help her.
B．She seemed uninterested in her.
C．She seemed to have taken a dislike to her.
D．She seemed concerned about her lack of qualifications.
A Welsh restaurant has handed back its Michelin star, with the owners saying they rejected the award because they wanted to focus on putting family first. Stephane Borie, Sarah Francis and Kathryn Francis, owners of the Checkers restaurant in Montgomery, Powys, announced they had returned the star rating—regarded as the pinnacle for any restaurant before publication of the 2019 edition of the Michelin Guide on 1 October.
Sarah Francis and her husband, Stephane Bone, have three young children while Kathryn Francis has two. “I don’t know how we’ve done it for all these years” said Sarah Francis. “It has been a joy to have the star and the most amazing news when we got it. It was great for trade and brilliant for the town. But more for us, it’s about taking the business in a new direction and putting our family first. It means we can work in the day and have our evenings to ourselves.”
The restaurant will relaunch in November as Checkers Pantry, and will open for breakfast and lunch with drinks and cakes available throughout the day. Bone will continue to cook at the Checkers.
The Checkers first appeared in the Michelin guide in 201L Sarah Francis said: “We’ve loved getting it, loved keeping it and always nervous every year as to whether we were going to be in the guide. So to give it back was a big decision but the sensible one.”
A top French restaurant, Le Suquet, withdrew from the listings last year, having held a three- star rating for nearly two decades. The chef (主厨) Sebastien Bras said he no longer wanted to cook at his restaurant under the “huge pressure” of being judged by the inspectors, Michelin said it was the first time a French chef had asked to be dropped from its restaurant guide in this way.
In September, the British celebrity chef Marco Pierre White reportedly said he did not want to give Michelin guide inspectors permission to visit his new restaurant in Singapore.
Simon Wright, restaurateur, food writer and former AA food guide editor, said decisions such as that by the Checkers were “often a reflection of the enormous pressure and additional expectation that comes with a Michelin star”.
29．The word “pinnacle”‘ is closest in meaning to_________.
A．valued devotion B．unexpected outcome
C．most worthwhile effort D．most successful part
30．Why did the owners of the Checkers restaurant decide to return its Michelin star
A．To focus more on dessert.
B．To expand its business overseas.
C．To have more time with the family.
D．To divide the profits between them.
31．What did Sarah Francis say about their decision
A．They disagreed on it. B．It was a wise decision.
C．It was a wrong decision. D．They regretted it soon.
32．According to the passage, why has more than one restaurant handed back the Michelin star
A．It is stressful to get and keep it.
B．The inspectors are too strict.
C．The star foils to benefit the as expected.
D．More and more restaurants are qualified.
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参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出越来越多的研究发现，保持积极乐观对身体健康大有裨益。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“Rather than dwelling on their frustrations or things that they cannot change, they will design a plan of action and ask others for help and advice.(相对于dwelling on遇到的挫折或是那些自己无法改变的事情，他们会计划下一步的行动，向他人寻求帮助和建议)”可知，由Rather than引导出转折句意，划线词dwelling on应与后句描述的行为相反，由此推知其含义为“纠结于，专注于”。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Researchers Segerstrom and Sephton found that people who were optimistic about a specific and important part of their lives, such as how well they were doing in school, showed a stronger immune response than those who had a more negative view of the situation.(研究人员Segerstrom和Sephton发现那些对于生活中某个特定的重要的部分保持乐观的人，比如说在学校里的表现，比起那些对自己处境持消极观点的人，表现出了更强的免疫反应)”可知，积极的思想可以增强人的免疫力。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Although researchers don’t entirely understand why positive thinking is beneficial to health, some people believe that positive people may lead to healthier lifestyles. By coping better with stress and avoiding unhealthy behaviors, they are able to improve their health and happiness.(尽管研究人员未能完全理解为何积极的思想对健康有益，但有些人认为积极的人生活方式会更健康。通过更好地处理压力以及避免不健康的行为，他们能够改善健康、提升幸福感)”可知，积极乐观的人能更好地应对压力，从而生活得更健康。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。总览全文，文章引用了一些科研结果，说明保持积极乐观的心态对人大有裨益，A选项“积极的想法的力量”贴合主题，适合作为标题。故选A项。
5．D 6．D 7．B 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能让你在沮丧时重新站起来的快速简单的方法——相对论，介绍了其内容和意义。
5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Maybe you recently lost your job. Maybe you broke up with your girlfriend.Or maybe a driver hit the back of your car and destroyed it.We all probably faced these situations at one time or another. Whether it’s one of the above or something else that got you down and made it difficult to get back up again, there is one quick and easy way to help you feel better. It’s called relativity.(也许你最近丢了工作。也许你和女朋友分手了，也许一个司机撞了你的车后座，把它毁了，我们可能都曾经遇到过这样的情况。不管是以上的原因还是其他原因让你沮丧，让你很难重新站起来，有一个快速简单的方法可以帮助你感觉更好。它叫做相对论。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种能让你在沮丧时重新站起来的快速简单的方法——相对论，由此可推知，文章最有可能是写给那些面对沮丧时刻的人们，故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Relativity is a psychological tool that helps people judge their situations from different viewpoints and minimize(最小化)feelings of self-pity. (相对论是一种心理学工具，它帮助人们从不同的角度判断自己的处境，最大限度地减少自怜的感觉。)”可知，作者建议人们使用相对论，是因为它帮助人们从不同的角度判断自己的处境，最大限度地减少自怜的感觉，由此可推知，它使人们从不同的思维中受益，是作者的推荐理由，故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线句子上文“The point of using relativity is to show you that no matter how difficult your current situation is,there’s always someone who has a much worse situation. (使用相对论的意义在于告诉你，无论你目前的处境有多么困难，总会有人处境更糟糕。)”可知，相对论能有助于我们理解自己的处境并不比别人糟糕，由此可推知，划线句子“the grass isn’t always greener on the other side.”意思是：我们的处境并不一定比别人更糟。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The best way to recover from a difficult situation is to use relativity to measure the situation. You’ll often find it’s never as bad as you had thought. This will immediately make you feel better and truly thankful for all that you have.(从困境中恢复过来的最好方法是使用相对论来衡量情况。你会经常发现事情并没有你想象的那么糟糕。这会立刻让你感觉更好，并且真正感激你所拥有的一切。)”可知，作者认为我们应该感激所拥有的一切，所以作者可能会赞成A项“我们应该感激我们的生活”的观点，故选A。
9．C 10．D 11．A 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种新的压力概念“eustress”，这种压力指的是愉快的经历，告诉人们压力不一定指不愉快的经历，并提出人们应对压力的建议。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In fact, these people are comparing our lives with that of the cave man, who didn’t have to worry about the stock market or the atomic bomb. They forget that the cave man worried about being eaten by a bear while he was asleep, or about dying of hunger--things that few people worry much about today.( 事实上，这些人是在拿我们的生活和穴居人相比，他们不用担心股票市场或原子弹。他们忘记了穴居人在睡觉时担心会被熊吃掉，或者担心会饿死——今天很少有人会担心这些事情。)”可推知，今天的人们没有承受更多的压力，只是他们自以为承受压力更多。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Yet there is such a thing as pleasant stress--as in the case of the Olympic winner at the moment of his glory, or a conductor as his orchestra(乐队) performs particularly well. They are just sending out excitement, and they are giving off all the stress hormones(荷尔蒙)exactly the same as if they were in low spirits or had just heard of a death in the family.( 然而，有一种东西叫做愉快的压力——就像奥运会冠军在他的荣耀时刻，或指挥在他的乐团表现特别出色时。他们只是在释放兴奋，释放所有的压力荷尔蒙，就像他们情绪低落或刚刚听说家里有人去世一样。)”可知，“eustress”是指快乐的事情，D选项：You have won the first prize in an English competition.( 你在英语比赛中获得了第一名。)符合题意。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Yet there is such a thing as pleasant stress--as in the case of the Olympic winner at the moment of his glory, or a conductor as his orchestra(乐队) performs particularly well. They are just sending out excitement, and they are giving off all the stress hormones(荷尔蒙)exactly the same as if they were in low spirits or had just heard of a death in the family. We call the pleasant or healthy kind “eustress” and the unpleasant or unhealthy kind “distress”.( 然而，有一种东西叫做愉快的压力——就像奥运会冠军在他的荣耀时刻，或指挥在他的乐团表现特别出色时。他们只是在释放兴奋，释放所有的压力荷尔蒙，就像他们情绪低落或刚刚听说家里有人去世一样。我们称愉快或健康的类型为“eustress”，称不愉快或不健康的类型为“distress”。)“可知，文章主要写作目的是为了让我们了解压力并不一定指不愉快的经历。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The secret is not to avoid it but to “do your own thing”. It implies doing what you like to do and what you are made to do at your own speed.( 秘诀不在于逃避，而在于“做你自己的事”。它意味着你要去做自己喜欢做的事和按照自己的速度做被要求做的事。)”可知，应对压力应该拒绝做任何你被要求的事情。故选D。
13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A
试题分析：这篇文章主要介绍了日本学生面临的一些严重的心理问题。
13．D考查判断推理题。根据第一段“They feel heavy pressures from their parents to do well in school. Most students are always being told by their parents to study harder…”可知日本的孩子们面临着来自父母的很大的压力。父母们总是告诉孩子要努力学习以后才会有好生活。所以日本孩子在学校过得不开心的原因是他们面临巨大的压力。
14．B考查细节理解题。根据第二段“Others are after comfort in using drugs.”句意：其他人在嗑药中寻求安慰。易知选B。
15．C考查细节理解题。根据juku-cram school定位到第三段，再根据后面的“These schools are open during the evening and on weekends, and their only purpose is to prepare students to pass exams.”可知这种学校唯一的目的就是让孩子们通过考试。理所当然地，在这种学校中学生被训练来通过考试。
16．A考查细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话“Ordinary Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students’ hair to their clothes and things in their school bag.”可以推断出普通的日本学校通常对学生的各个方面都有严格的规定。
【名师点睛】社会生活类阅读理解题备考方
【题型说明】社会生活类阅读文章在高考中的出现频率较高。它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的社会万象、生活经历、饮食、饮食与健康、休闲与娱乐、旅游、生态旅游、服装、住房等等内容。这类文章同学们读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来也比较得心应手。在高考阅读理解题中，这类文章属搭配类材料，所以，它的命题多数属于中低等难度的送分题，如事实细节题、计算题、识图题等。遇到这类文章时，我们一定要抓住得分机遇，尽量不要失分。
【答题方法】读这类文章要特别注意做好事实细节题。对于细节试题，同学们要先从题干中找到关键性词语，然后采用读或跳读，快速在文章中寻找相关细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，细心比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。具体解题步骤如下：
1. 读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。一般情况下，问题出现的前后顺序与文章中细节和事实出现的先后顺序是一致的。
2. 找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。要注意的是，对作者使用的同义词或与之相关的词语和句子千万不能忽。如：小题4:A考查细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话“Ordinary Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students’ hair to their clothes and things in their school bag.”可以推断出普通的日本学校通常对学生的各个方面都有严格的规定。
3. 巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相符。当题干中有诸如“NOT”或“except”时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有力证据。如：小题1:D考查判断推理题。根据第一段“They feel heavy pressures from their parents to do well in school. Most students are always being told by their parents to study harder…”可知日本的孩子们面临着来自父母的很大的压力。父母们总是告诉孩子要努力学习以后才会有好生活。所以日本孩子在学校过得不开心的原因是他们面临巨大的压力。
考点：社会生活类阅读理解
17．B 18．B 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如果有机会，很多人可能会选择从生活中完全摆脱压力。然而，佐治亚大学的一项惊人的新发现表明，一点点压力实际上对身体和大脑都非常有益。
17．词句猜测题。根据第二段“When we’re stressed, we’re usually forced to deal with unpredictable or tense situations that can eat away at our bodies physically. While these scenarios (设想) are almost never fun in the moment, they serve to push us out of our comfort zones ― and that can be a good thing for the mind. (当我们感到压力时，我们通常会被迫应对不可预测或紧张的情况，这些情况会侵蚀我们的身体。虽然这些场景在当下几乎从未有过乐趣，但它们会把我们从舒适区推出来——这对大脑来说可能是一件好事)”可推知，划线单词that指的是上文中的“不可预测或紧张的情况会迫使我们离开舒适区”。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The research team analyzed a series of MRI scans (核磁共振成像) of over 1,000 people from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds. (研究小组分析了来自不同种族和民族背景的1000多人的一系列核磁共振扫描)”以及第六段中“Participants’ social networks were also analyzed via a number of different measures. (研究人员还通过一些不同的方法分析了参与者的社交网络)”可知，研究小组是通过分析参与者、医疗报告和社交网络来进行这项研究的。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段““You need to have the right resources to be strengthened by misfortune and stress,” Prof. Oshri concludes. “For some people, being exposed to stress is a good thing. But for others, maybe not. It’s possible that you can sand more stress if you have a supportive community or family.” (“你需要拥有正确的资源，才能在不幸和压力中变得强大，”Oshri教授总结道。“对一些人来说，承受压力是件好事。但对其他人来说，可能不是。如果你有一个支持你的社区或家庭，你可能会承受更多的压力。”)”可推知，一个人的佳肴可能是另一个人的毒药。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Amazing new findings from the University of Georgia, however, indicate that a little bit of stress can actually be very beneficial to both body and brain. (然而，佐治亚大学的一项惊人的新发现表明，一点点压力实际上对身体和大脑都非常有益)”可知，文章主要讲的是适量的压力对我们的身心都有好处。故选A项。
21．D 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B
试题分析：本文讲述在成长的道路上，你往往要作出很多具有挑战性的决定，自己做这些决定很困难，当他人试图强迫你跟他们一样时，就难上加难，这是你就遇到了同辈压力，这是人人要面对的问题，你的父母和其它的成年人也不例外
21．D 细节理解题。根据第一段提到“Come on! All of us are cutting math. Who wants to take that quiz We’re going to take a walk and get lunch instead. Let’s go!” says the coolest kid in your class可知 来吧，我们全部都逃数学课，谁想做那个小测？不如我们出去散步，吃午饭，班里最酷的那个小孩说到，因此选D项。
22．D 推断题。根据第二段提到It’s something everyone has to deal with—even adults.这是每个人需要面对的同辈的压力，甚至大人也不例外，故选D项。
23．A 词意猜测。根据第三段提到Peers influence your life, even if you don’t realize it, just by spending time with you.即使你没有察觉，同辈也在影响着你的生活，故选A项。
24．C 推断题。根据最后一段提到They can help you feel much better and prepare you for the next time you face peer pressure.能有几个与自己有相同价值观的朋友很不错，因他们会在你不想做某事的时候支持你，故选C项。
25．B 主旨大意。本文讲述在成长的道路上，你往往要作出很多具有挑战性的决定，自己做这些决定很困难，当他人试图强迫你跟他们一样时，就难上加难，这是你就遇到了同辈压力，这是人人要面对的问题，你的父母和其它的成年人也不例外，故选B项。
考点：日常生活类阅读。
26．A 27．B 28．B
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Martha在办公室一天的工作经历。她很紧张，老是做不好事情，当天也没能完成Max Cohen给她的工作，Buss夫人也对她提不起兴趣，她感到很羞愧和痛苦。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段中Then Mr Max Cohen brought her a document to copy. She was so anxious she had to start afresh three times. And when he came to fetch it, all that had been achieved were the words “Memorandum of an Agreement of Sale” typed across the top of the sheet. She shrank under his impatient assurance that it did not matter in the least, and she must take her time. Her fingers were heavy and trembling, and her head was thick. To type two pages of his small neat writing into something clean and pleasant to look at seemed to her, just then, an impossibly difficult task.可知然后Max Cohen先生给她拿了一份文件让她复印。她非常着急，不得不重新开始了三次。而当他来取时，只见那张纸的上方打着“销售协议备忘录”的字样。她在他的不耐烦之下畏缩了一下，确信这根本无关紧要，她必须慢慢来。她的手指沉重而颤抖，头也昏昏沉沉的。要把他两页工整的小字打成干净悦目的东西，对她来说，就在那时，似乎是一件不可能完成的艰巨任务。由此可推知，Martha觉得她在办公室第一天上班很困难，因为她紧张得无法思考。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段中He went home without coming to her desk again, and she decided she would come early next morning and do it before anyone else arrived.可知他回到家，没有再到她的办公桌前。她决定明天一大早就来，在其他人来之前，把工作做完。由此可知，在一天结束的时候，Martha还没有完成她的打字工作。B选项正确。故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中Mrs Buss said nothing, but merely nodded absent-mindedly, for her eyes were on the elegant Mrs Jasper Cohen.可知Buss太太什么也没说，只是心不在焉地点了点头，因为她的目光正落在优雅的Jasper Cohen太太身上。由此可推知，Buss夫人对Martha似乎不感兴趣。故选B。
29．D 30．C 31．B 32．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一家威尔士餐厅拒绝接受其米其林星级餐厅奖项，文中解释了拒绝的原因。
29．词句猜测题。文章第一段讲到“A Welsh restaurant has handed back its Michelin star, with the owners saying they rejected the award because they wanted to focus on putting family first. (一家威尔士餐厅已将其米其林星级退回，店主表示，他们拒绝接受该奖项，因为他们想专注于家庭至上。)”注意名词“award”以及“they had returned the star rating—regarded as the pinnacle for any restaurant (他们已经恢复了被视为任何餐厅pinnacle的星级评级)”可知，被授予米其林星级奖项说明此餐厅很成功，此处pinnacle可以解释为星级评价中最成功的部分，故选D。
30．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“A Welsh restaurant has handed back its Michelin star, with the owners saying they rejected the award because they wanted to focus on putting family first. (一家威尔士餐厅已将其米其林星级退回，店主表示，他们拒绝接受该奖项，因为他们想专注于家庭至上。)”和文章第二段讲到“But more for us, it’s about taking the business in a new direction and putting our family first. (但对我们来说，更重要的是，我们要把业务推向一个新的方向，把家庭放在首位。)”可知Checkers餐厅的老板决定归还其米其林星是为了多陪陪家人，故选C。
31．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“It was great for trade and brilliant for the town. But more for us, it’s about taking the business in a new direction and putting our family first. It means we can work in the day and have our evenings to ourselves. (这对贸易和城镇来说都很好。但对我们来说，更重要的是，我们要把业务推向一个新的方向，把家庭放在首位。这意味着我们可以白天工作，晚上可以独处。)”和第四段“So to give it back was a big decision but the sensible one.(因此，归还它是一个重大但明智的决定)”可知Sarah Francis认为这样做拥有多方面的好处，这是一个明智的决定。故选B。
32．推理判断题。文章倒数第三段“The chef (主厨) Sebastien Bras said he no longer wanted to cook at his restaurant under the “huge pressure” of being judged by the inspectors, Michelin said it was the first time a French chef had asked to be dropped from its restaurant guide in this way.(厨师Sebastien Bras表示，由于受到检查员评判的“巨大压力”，他再也不想在餐厅做饭了。米其林（Michelin）表示，这是法国厨师第一次要求以这种方式退出餐厅指南)”和最后一段讲到“Simon Wright, restaurateur, food writer and former AA food guide editor, said decisions such as that by the Checkers were ‘often a reflection of the enormous pressure and additional expectation that comes with a Michelin star’. (餐厅老板、美食作家、前AA美食指南编辑Simon Wright表示，Checkers做出的这样的决定‘通常反映了米其林星级带来的巨大压力和额外期望’。)”可知根据文章，不止一家餐厅退回米其林星级是因为得到并保持它是很有压力的，故选A。
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