Coping Strategies Scale 应对策略量表

发布时间：2024-11-24 09:55

灵活应对日程表变动的应急策略 #生活技巧# #组织技巧# #日程表设计#

简介

应对被认为是对于感知到的压力的反应，被定义为“持续地转变认知和行为以实现外部或者内部要求，这些要求往往是剥削或者超过个人所具有的资源。” (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984, p. 141) 。分析对应对清单的回应是测量应对最常用的方法。三种应对方法在理论和实践中被重复提及：(a)情绪管理，通过避免处理问题来减少紧张感；(b)重新评估问题，重新评估事件带来的压力；(c)解决问题，积极直面问题(cf. Billings & Moos, 1981; Holahan &Moos, 1987;Menaghan, 1982). 一些学者的研究也表明, 积极应对策略将减轻压力源的负面影响, 逃避应对策略则可能增强压力源的负面影响(Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010)。

积极应对策略通常包含有效识别压力源, 并采取有效方式应对及消除不利环境, 其方式包括问题导向的应对、寻求支持、情绪调节及认知重构等(Lazarus & Folkman, 1987)。在压力源影响下, 采用积极应对策略的个体将更能有效调节自身行为与情绪反应(Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010)。逃避应对策略意味着个体采用心理或情感上逃避的方式(如避免思考工作、假想情况得到解决等)应对压力, 甚至直接回避压力源。

信度与效度

本研究采用方便抽样方式收集调查问卷, 问卷发放对象为华南地区的 9 家大型企业集团。这 9 家大型企业集团分布在广州、深圳、东莞、佛山及惠州, 涉及金融、机械制造、生物医药、建筑、服装、餐饮等多个行业。样本企业成立时间均为 5 年以上,员工规模均超过 300 名。调研总共发放问卷 400 份, 对员工及直接主管问卷进行配对, 最终获得 249 份有效问卷, 总有效回收率为 62.3%。

积极应对策略和逃避应对策略的量表均来自于 Long (1990)的研究, 积极应对策略量表包含 11 个条目, 逃避应对策略量表包含 17 个条目。本研究中积极应对和逃避应对测量的内部一致性系数分别为 0.92、 0.96。

量表

请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，用下面的28项描述对自身情况进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。评价和判断的标准如下：0 完全不同意 1有点不同意 2有点同意 3 非常同意
1. Talked the problem over with colleagues.
2. Tried to get the person responsible to change his or her mind.
3. Talked to someone to find out more about the situation.
4. Confronted my supervisor with problems.
5. Talked to someone who could do something concrete about the problem.
6. Took a big chance or did something very risky.
7. Talked to someone about how I was feeling.
8. Stood my ground and fought for what I wanted
9. Came up with a couple of different solutions to the problem
10. I went over in my mind what I would say or do.
11. I thought about how a person I admired would handle this situation and used that as a model.
12. Left work as soon as possible
13. Criticized or lectured myself.
14. Hoped a miracle would happen.
15. Went along with fate; sometimes I just have bad luck.
16. Slept more than usual.
17. I tried to forget the whole thing.
18. Tried to make myself feel better by eating, drinking, smoking, using drugs or medication, etc.
19. Took it out on other people.
20. Wished that I could change what happened or how I felt.
21. I daydreamed or imagined a better time or place than the one I was in.
22. Wished that the situation would go away or somehow be over with.
23. Had fantasies or wishes about how things might turn out.
24. Had a good cry.
25. Expressed my irritation and frustration to myself.
26. Avoided being with people in general.
27. Avoided other staff members.
28. Expressed my irritation and frustration by swearing, slamming things down and crumpling paper, and so forth.

下载WORD版问卷：文件:CS.docx

注：此研究中为了确保中英文版本的一致性，采用了标准的双向翻译程序。但因期刊中并未直接列出量表，所以此处列出量表出处Long(1990)开发的应对量表原文。其中原量表为三部分，除积极应对策略和消极应策略对外，还包括重新评估问题的应对策略。

计分方法

应对策略量表分为积极应对和消极应对量表两部分，可以计算每部分题目的总分或平均分。其中积极应对策略量表包含 11 个条目：第1—11题；逃避应对策略量表包含 17 个条目：第12—28题。

量表出处

谢俊，严鸣. (2016). 积极应对还是逃避?, 主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为的影响机制. 心理学报(10) Vol. 48, 13141325
Long, B. C. (1990). Relation between coping strategies, sex-typed traits, and environmental characteristics: a comparison of male and female managers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37(37), 185-194.