从日常生活“革命”到日常生活“实践”——从情境主义国际失败看“生活美学”未来
摘要
尽管情境主义国际的理论和实践的核心皆为“情境建构”，“景观”也已构成了现代世界的呈现图景与途径，但“日常生活”却成为了这场运动的另一个关键词，而且可以贯穿到整个情境主义国际的历史当中。景观与生活构成了如此的关系：生活才是社会根基，景观则是社会症候；生活是内在流动的，景观则是其外在的表象。情境主义国际就实现了历史的转变，也就是从日常生活的“革命”过渡到日常生活的“实践”。这种过渡既体现在居伊·德波从《景观社会》到《景观社会评论》的立场转换上，也体现在从鲁尔·瓦纳格姆的《日常生活革命》到米歇尔·德·塞托的《日常生活实践》的主题转切中。情境主义与达达主义、超现实主义一道，力图打破艺术与生活的界限，但却超越了这两种艺术潮流而“通过破坏艺术而创造艺术”。情境主义国际的失败，既是由于运动动力的失去，也是因为思潮动力的衰微，这种失败的原因可以归纳为“消费化”“个体化”与“艺术化”。情境主义国际虽然失败了，当今的“生活美学”却方兴未艾，后者从前者的失败那里吸取了经验教训和历史启示。从“生活美学”出发，可以发展出一套新型的“审美政治学”，从而契合了从解放政治到生活政治的深度转换。
Abstract
Although the construction of situations plays a key role in the Situationist International (SI) and the spectacle has become the presented image and method of presentation in the modern world, everyday life becomes another key word which has also run through the whole history of the Situtionist International. The relationship between spectacle and life has taken such a form that life is the foundation of the society with spectacle being the symptom of the society and life is fluid with spectacle being its external phenomenon. SI has realized its historical transition from revolution to practice in everyday life, and the transition shows both in Guy Debord's changing standpoint from The Society of the Spectacle to his own Comments on the Society of the Spectacle and in the changing theses from Raoul Vaneigem's Revolution of Everyday Life to Michel de Certeau's Practice of Everyday Life. Situationism, like Dadaism and Surrealism, seeks to break the boundary between art and life, but it surpasses Dadaism and Surrealism through its creation of art by way of destroying art. The failure of SI can be attributed to its loss of inner agency as well as the decline of the art movement, and the reasons for the failure show in the three aspects of commercialization, individuation and aestheticization. Today, although SI has failed, life aesthetics has learned a lesson from the failure, and a set of aesthetic politics can be developed into a new direction that is aligned with the profound transition from politics of emancipation to politics of life.
关键词
/ 日常生活 / 日常生活实践 / 日常生活革命 / 生活美学 / 审美政治学
{{custom_keyword}} /Key words
/everyday life /revolution of everyday life /practice of everyday life /life aesthetics /aesthetic politics
{{custom_keyword}} /刘悦笛.从日常生活“革命”到日常生活“实践”——从情境主义国际失败看“生活美学”未来[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2016, 36(3): 110-129
Liu Yuedi.From "Revolution" to "Practice" in Everyday Life: The Future of Life Aesthetics as Seen from the Failure of the Situationist International[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2016, 36(3): 110-129
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