模拟大学生抑郁复原力与近期生活压力事件之间的关系。

2. 理解生活压力与常见心理疾病（如抑郁症、焦虑症）的关系 #生活知识# #生活心理学# #心理疾病#

模拟大学生抑郁复原力与近期生活压力事件之间的关系。

Maria Semkovska, Ciara Joyce, Jessica Keyes, Sinead Reilly, Aoife Delaney, Aine Harrold, Hannah McManus

摘要

抗逆力，或成功应对生活压力事件（SLEs）的经历，可以预防抑郁症，但其运作机制尚不清楚。对于抗逆力是作为一种特质还是作为自尊、社会支持和家庭凝聚力等保护性因素动态相互作用的过程进行干预，存在不同的看法。我们评估了五种基于理论的模型，探讨抗逆力（被定义为一种特质或过程）如何与最近的系统性精神障碍相互作用，以解释 2434 名大学生的抑郁症状。此外，还评估了有问题的、与年龄不符的养育方式（即直升机养育）的调节作用。SLE对特质复原力和过程复原力对抑郁症的影响都有调节作用，但将复原力概念化为一个由相互作用的成分组成的动态过程的模型比将复原力单纯概念化为特质的模型显示出更好的解释力。通过自尊，特质复原力在所有水平的 SLEs 暴露（低、轻度、中度或高度）中都具有保护作用，通过希望或社会支持也具有显著的保护作用，但保护作用较弱。直升飞机式的养育方式削弱了过程复原力的保护作用，因为在出现系统性红斑狼疮时家庭凝聚力会下降。对五个模型的总体评估支持了在逆境中对抑郁的恢复力的过程概念。然而，研究结果也表明，并非所有的保护性因素都同样重要，在所有包含自尊这一变量的模型中，自尊都是抑郁抗逆力的一个重要且强有力的中介因素。建立过程复原力被认为是抑郁症状的关键干预目标。系统性红斑狼疮后的临床评估和干预应常规考虑特质复原力和自尊，因为这两个因素的相互作用即使在最高水平的逆境暴露中也能防止抑郁。鉴于直升机式养育对复原力的有害影响，抑郁症预防方法应针对个人的过度养育经历。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Modelling the Relationship Between Resilience to Depression and Recent Stressful Life Events in University Students.

Resilience, or successful coping with the experience of stressful life events (SLEs), protects against depression, but its operational mechanisms are unclear. Views diverge whether resilience intervenes as a trait or as a process of dynamic interactions of protective factors, such as self-esteem, social support and family cohesion. We evaluated five theoretically-based models of how resilience, defined as either a trait or a process, interacts with recent SLEs, to explain depressive symptomatology in 2434 university students. The moderating effect of problematic, age-inappropriate parenting (i.e., helicopter parenting) was also assessed. SLEs moderated both the effects of trait and process resilience on depression, but models conceptualising resilience as a dynamic process of interacting components showed better explanatory power than models conceptualising resilience solely as a trait. Trait resilience was protective through self-esteem at all levels of SLEs exposure (low, mild, moderate or high), and significantly, but less so through hope or social support. Experiencing helicopter parenting weakened the protective influence of process resilience, through decreasing family cohesion in the presence of SLEs. The overall assessment of the five models supports a process conceptualisation of resilience to depression in the face of adversity. However, the results also suggest that not all protective factors are equally important, with self-esteem appearing a significant and strong mediator of resilience to depression in all models including it as a variable. Building process resilience is proposed as a key intervention target for depressive symptoms. Clinical assessments and interventions following SLEs should routinely consider both trait resilience and self-esteem, as the interaction of these two factors protects against depression even at the highest levels of adversity exposure. Depression prevention approaches should address the individual's experience of overparenting, given the deleterious influence of helicopter parenting on resilience.

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