清华大学学位论文服务系统

利用OneNote的笔记本系统管理学术论文 #生活技巧# #组织技巧# #学习资料管理系统#

日益严峻的老龄化形势对中国的城乡规划发展与转型提出了新要求。在积极老龄化的号召下，老年友好型城市该如何建设引发了社会各界的热烈探讨。目前空间视角下的老年友好型城市建设研究多停留在与老年人生活密切相关的居住社区空间、公共设施、公园绿地等方面的适老化设计研究，而有关老年人出行环境的友好性设计研究则相对较少。街道作为承载老年人出行活动、社会参与的重要空间载体，对吸引老年人主动活动、主动社会参与、增强老年人体魄等方面有重要意义，但现有的街道空间设计研究中，对弱势群体尤其是“老年人”这一群体的关注相对较少，已有的为数不多的研究多也多聚焦在空间层面的定性描述，对老年友好型街道空间设计背后的社会经济价值挖掘几乎没有，在研究方法的定量性方面也多有欠缺。为此本文基于老年友好型街道的多元价值挖掘及实证研究，提出了老年友好型街道设计的原则体系，既从理论层面填补老年友好型城市研究的结构空缺和价值不足，也从实践层面为创造老年人安全出行、舒适出行、乐意出行、健康出行的街道环境提供策略和建议。以老龄化现象最为突出的上海市为研究对象，通过对180名老年人的访谈及381名老人的问卷调查，定量化解析并建构了老年人对街道空间的新型诉求体系；基于老年人的诉求，通过文献综述的方法，梳理这些诉求可能为老年友好型街道建设带来的健康、经济及社会方面的场所价值。在理论研究的基础上，选取上海不同性质且具代表性的4条街道进行实证调查，通过SD语义分析调查法，量化480名老年人对街道空间的感知评价，并遴选街道客观空间形态指标，挖掘其与老年人主观感知评价之间的相关性关系，而后采取spss回归分析的方法定量化解析影响老年人评价好坏的指标临界值。综合价值研究及实证研究结果，为老年友好型街道的设计原则及策略提供科学量化的依据，并分别以问题和目标为导向，围绕现状街道在老年友好性缺失方面最需解决的问题及价值导向下的老年友好型街道该如何设计的问题，展开精细化、有针对性的改良设计探讨。最终从国家宏观政策及地方横向管理两个视角切入，探索老年人友好型街道空间设计的实施保障的公共政策体系构建及工具选择，以进一步保障老年友好型街道的有效落实。

The increasingly severe aging situation has put forward new requirements for the development and construction of urban and rural planning. Under the call of active aging, how to build a friendly city for the elderly has aroused heated discussion. At present, the research on the construction of the aging friendly city from the spatial perspective mostly focuses on the residential community space, public facilities, park green space and other aspects closely related to the life of the elderly, while the research on the friendly design of the travel environment for the elderly is relatively less. Street, as an important space carrier carrying the travel activities and social participation of the elderly, is of great significance to attract the elderly to take the initiative in activities, social participation, and enhance the physique of the elderly. However, in the existing research on street space design, less attention is paid to the vulnerable groups, especially the ＂elderly＂. Most of the existing researches focus on the qualitative description of the space level, and there is almost no excavation of the socio-economic value behind the space design of the aging friendly street, and there is also a lack of quantitative research methods. The design system of aging friendly streets is put foward based on the multi value and empirical research, which not only fills in the structural vacancy and value deficiency of the aging friendly city research from the theoretical level, but also provides strategies and suggestions for creating a safe, comfortable, willing and healthy street environment for the elderly from the practical level.Taking Shanghai, the most prominent phenomenon of aging as the research object, the interviews of 180 elderly people and the questionnaire survey of 381 elderly people were conducted to quantify their demands for street space and a new elderly demand system is built based on the data. The health, economic and social value that those demands may bring to the aging friendly streets were deducted through the method of literature review. On the basis of theoretical research, four representative streets of different nature in Shanghai were selected for empirical investigation, the data of 480 elderly people‘s perception and evaluation of street space were collected through Semantic Differential method, and the objective spatial morphology index of streets were selected to explore the correlation between them. Then SPSS regression analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the critical value of indicators that affect the evaluation of the elderly. Combining the results of value research and empirical research, the design principles and strategies of the aging friendly streets are put forward and the refined and targeted improvement design is discussed concerning the most urgent problems need to be solved in the lack of friendliness of the elderly in the current streets as well as the guidence of multi value. Finally, in order to ensure the effective implementation of aging friendly street., the construction of public policy system and tool selection is explored from the perspective of national macro policy and local horizontal management.

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