生活垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术研究进展

垃圾站通常会进行压缩、焚烧或堆肥处理。 #生活常识# #垃圾分类知识#

摘要：

焚烧是我国生活垃圾最主要的处置手段，焚烧飞灰含有二英和重金属，属于危险废物，处理方式比较受限，但处理需求量大。推动生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处置与资源化利用处理技术的发展，积极补齐城镇生活垃圾处理设施短板，符合国家节能减排与绿色发展的要求。本文系统分析了我国典型地区生活垃圾焚烧飞灰基础特性、二英和重金属产生特征，综述了飞灰二英的主要处理技术，包括高温烧结、高温熔融/玻璃化、水泥回转窑热处理、低温催化热解、水热处理技术、机械化学降解技术，对比了飞灰中重金属的主要处理方法，包括固化稳定化、固热处理、金属分离技术，并对飞灰处理技术的工程化应用进行总结与展望，以期为我国生活垃圾焚烧飞灰减量化、无害化、资源化技术发展提供理论支撑。

关键词: 生活垃圾, 焚烧, 飞灰, 二英, 重金属

Abstract:

Incineration is the primary method of municipal solid waste disposal in China, and the resulting fly ash contains dioxins and heavy metals, classifying it as hazardous waste. The treatment methods are relatively limited, but the demand for effective disposal is substantial. Promoting the development of technologies for the harmless disposal and resource utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, actively addressing the shortcomings in municipal solid waste treatment facilities, all align with the national requirements for energy conservation, emission reduction, and green development. This study systematically analyzed the basic characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in typical regions of China, focusing on the generation of dioxins and heavy metals. It provided an overview of the main technologies for treating dioxins in fly ash, including sintering, melting/vitrification, cement kiln co-treatment, low-temperature pyrolysis, and mechanochemical techniques. The major methods for treating heavy metals in fly ash were compared, encompassing solidification/stabilization, thermal treatment, and heavy metal extraction technologies. The study gave a summary and outlook on the application of fly ash treatment technologies, aiming to guide the development of reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization technologies for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in China.

Key words: municipal solid waste, incineration, fly ash, dioxins, heavy metals

中图分类号: 

X799.3

网址：生活垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术研究进展 https://www.yuejiaxmz.com/news/view/314686

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