鸿蒙实战开发:【7日天气预报】
天气预报还可能预测雷电、冰雹等突发天气。 #生活常识# #天气预报#
先来看一下效果
本项目界面搭建基于ArkUI中TS扩展的声明式开发范式,
数据接口是[和风(天气预报)],
使用ArkUI自带的网络请求调用接口。
我想要实现的一个功能是,查询当前城市的实时天气,
目前已实现的功能有:
默认查询北京的天气预报查看当前的天气查看未来七天的天气通过本项目,你能学到的知识有:
网络请求条件渲染状态管理先来看一下
接下来开始正文,
我们先分析一下结构:
我们可以分为三块
第一部分为实时天气信息栏
代码如下
// @ts-nocheck /** * 该组件为实时天气预报组件 * * powered by 坚果 * 2022/7/20 */ @Entry @Component export struct RealtimeWeather{ @State temp: string = "9" @State text: string = "坚果" @State isRequestSucceed: boolean = true build(){ Column() { Text($r("app.string.city")) .fontSize(30) Row() { Text(this.temp) .fontSize(100) Text('℃') .fontSize(30) .margin({ top: 10 }) } .alignItems(VerticalAlign.Top) .margin({ top: 5 }) Text(this.text) .fontSize(36) .margin({ top: 5 }) }.margin({ top: 50 }) } }
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344第二部分为
this.WeatherText("日期") this.WeatherText("天气") this.WeatherText("日出") this.WeatherText("日落") 1234
第三部分为:
Scroll(){ Column(){ ForEach(this.future, (item: WeatherWeekData) => { Row() { this.WeatherText(item.fxDate) this.WeatherText(item.textDay) this.WeatherText(item.sunrise) this.WeatherText(item.sunset) }.margin({left:10}) }, item => item.fxDate) } }
1234567891011121314151617最后用Column包裹
完整的代码如下:
Main.ets
// @ts-nocheck /* * Copyright (c) 2021 JianGuo Device Co., Ltd. * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ import { WeatherModel, WeatherData, WeatherWeekData, } from '../model/weatherModel'; import { RealtimeWeather } from '../common/RealtimeWeather' import { getWeekTest } from '../data/get_week_test' import { getTest } from '../data/get_test' import prompt from '@system.prompt'; import http from '@ohos.net.http'; @Entry @Component struct Main { aboutToAppear() { this.getRequest() this.getWeekRequest() } @State realtime: WeatherData = getTest() @State future: Array<WeatherWeekData> = getWeekTest() @State isRequestSucceed: boolean = true @Builder WeatherText(text: string) { Text(text) .fontSize(14) .layoutWeight(1) .textAlign(TextAlign.Center) .margin({ top: 10, bottom: 10 }) } build() { Column() { if (this.isRequestSucceed) { // 当前天气 RealtimeWeather({ temp: this.realtime.temp, text: this.realtime.text }) Row() { this.WeatherText("日期") this.WeatherText("天气") this.WeatherText("日出") this.WeatherText("日落") }.margin({top:20}) Scroll(){ Column(){ ForEach(this.future, (item: WeatherWeekData) => { Row() { this.WeatherText(item.fxDate) this.WeatherText(item.textDay) this.WeatherText(item.sunrise) this.WeatherText(item.sunset) }.margin({left:10}) }, item => item.fxDate) } } Text("数据来自和风天气") .fontSize(14) .margin({ bottom: 30 }) } }.width("100%").height("100%") } // 请求方式:GET 获取一周天气预报 getWeekRequest() { // 每一个httpRequest对应一个http请求任务,不可复用 let httpRequest = http.createHttp() let url = 'https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/7d?location=101010100&key=48fbadf80bbc43ce853ab9a92408373e' httpRequest.request(url, (err, data) => { if (!err) { if (data.responseCode == 200) { console.info('=====data.result=====' + data.result) // 解析数据 var weatherModel: WeatherModel = JSON.parse(data.result.toString()) // 判断接口返回码,0成功 if (weatherModel.code == 200) { // 设置数据 this.future = weatherModel.daily this.isRequestSucceed = true; ForEach(weatherModel.daily, (item: WeatherWeekData) => { console.log(console.info('=====data.result+item.fxDate=====' + item.fxDate)) }, item => item.date) console.info('=====data.result===' + weatherModel.daily) } else { // 接口异常,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: "数据请求失败" }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: '网络异常' }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: err.message }) } }) } // 请求方式:GET getRequest() { // 每一个httpRequest对应一个http请求任务,不可复用 let httpRequest = http.createHttp() let url = 'https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/now?location=101010100&key=48fbadf80bbc43ce853ab9a92408373e' httpRequest.request(url, (err, data) => { if (!err) { if (data.responseCode == 200) { console.info('=====data.result=====' + data.result) // 解析数据 //this.content= data.result; // 解析数据 var weatherModel: WeatherModel = JSON.parse(data.result.toString()) // 判断接口返回码,0成功 if (weatherModel.code == 200) { // 设置数据 this.realtime = weatherModel.now this.isRequestSucceed = true; console.info('=====data.result===this.content==' + weatherModel.now) } else { // 接口异常,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: "数据请求失败" }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: '网络异常' }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: err.message }) } }) } }
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177里面用到了网络请求
网络请求的步骤
1、声明网络请求权限在entry下的config.json中module字段下配置权限
"reqPermissions": [ { "name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET" } ] 12345 2、支持http明文请求
默认支持https,如果要支持http,在entry下的config.json中deviceConfig字段下配置
"default": { "network": { "cleartextTraffic": true } } 12345 3、创建HttpRequest
// 导入模块 import http from '@ohos.net.http'; // 创建HttpRequest对象 let httpRequest = http.createHttp(); 1234 4、发起请求
GET请求(默认为GET请求)
// 请求方式:GET getRequest() { // 每一个httpRequest对应一个http请求任务,不可复用 let httpRequest = http.createHttp() let url = 'https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/now?location=101010100&key=48fbadf80bbc43ce853ab9a92408373e' httpRequest.request(url, (err, data) => { if (!err) { if (data.responseCode == 200) { console.info('=====data.result=====' + data.result) // 解析数据 //this.content= data.result; // 解析数据 var weatherModel: WeatherModel = JSON.parse(data.result.toString()) // 判断接口返回码,0成功 if (weatherModel.code == 200) { // 设置数据 this.realtime = weatherModel.now this.isRequestSucceed = true; console.info('=====data.result===this.content==' + weatherModel.now) } else { // 接口异常,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: "数据请求失败" }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: '网络异常' }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: err.message }) } })}
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839 5、解析数据(简单示例)1.网络请求到的json字符串
export function getTest() { return [ { "obsTime": "2022-07-20T09:24+08:00", "temp": "28", "feelsLike": "29", "icon": "101", "text": "多云", "wind360": "225", "windDir": "西南风", "windScale": "3", "windSpeed": "17", "humidity": "71", "precip": "0.0", "pressure": "1000", "vis": "8", "cloud": "91", "dew": "21" }, ] }
123456789101112131415161718192021222.创建相应的对象
export class WeatherWeekData { fxDate: string // sunrise: string // sunset: string // moonrise: string // moonset: string // moonPhase: string // moonPhaseIcon: string // tempMax: string // tempMin: string // iconDay: string // textDay: string textNight: string // wind360Day: string // windDirDay: string // windScaleDay: string // windSpeedDay: string // wind360Night: string // windDirNight: string // dew: string // windScaleNight: string // , windSpeedNight: string // humidity: string // precip: string // pressure: string // vis: string // cloud: string // uvIndex: string // }
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637实况天气
目前支持全国4000+个市县区和海外15万个城市实时天气数据,包括实时温度、体感温度、风力风向、相对湿度、大气压强、降水量、能见度、露点温度、云量等数据。
)请求URL// 北京实况天气 https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/now?location=101010100&key=你的KEY 123 请求参数
请求参数包括必选和可选参数,如不填写可选参数将使用其默认值,参数之间使用&进行分隔。
key用户认证key。如何获取KRY可前往我之前的文章。例如 key=123456789ABC
location需要查询地区的LocationID或以英文逗号分隔的经度,纬度坐标十进制,最多支持小数点后两位),LocationID可通过城市搜索服务获取。例如 location=101010100 或 location=116.41,39.92
返回数据格式// 北京实况天气 // https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/now?location=101010100&key=你的KEY { "code": "200", "updateTime": "2020-06-30T22:00+08:00", "fxLink": "http://hfx.link/2ax1", "now": { "obsTime": "2020-06-30T21:40+08:00", "temp": "24", "feelsLike": "26", "icon": "101", "text": "多云", "wind360": "123", "windDir": "东南风", "windScale": "1", "windSpeed": "3", "humidity": "72", "precip": "0.0", "pressure": "1003", "vis": "16", "cloud": "10", "dew": "21" }, "refer": { "sources": [ "QWeather", "NMC", "ECMWF" ], "license": [ "commercial license" ] } }
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536// 请求方式:GET getRequest() { // 每一个httpRequest对应一个http请求任务,不可复用 let httpRequest = http.createHttp() let url = 'https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/now?location=101010100&key=48fbadf80bbc43ce853ab9a92408373e' httpRequest.request(url, (err, data) => { if (!err) { if (data.responseCode == 200) { console.info('=====data.result=====' + data.result) // 解析数据 //this.content= data.result; // 解析数据 var weatherModel: WeatherModel = JSON.parse(data.result.toString()) // 判断接口返回码,0成功 if (weatherModel.code == 200) { // 设置数据 this.realtime = weatherModel.now this.isRequestSucceed = true; console.info('=====data.result===this.content==' + weatherModel.now) } else { // 接口异常,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: "数据请求失败" }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: '网络异常' }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: err.message }) } }) }
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041七天天气预报
接口// 北京7天预报 // https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/7d?location=101010100&key=你的KEY 123 返回数据
// 北京3天预报 // 商业版 https://api.qweather.com/v7/weather/3d?location=101010100&key=你的KEY // 开发版 https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/3d?location=101010100&key=你的KEY { "code": "200", "updateTime": "2021-11-15T16:35+08:00", "fxLink": "http://hfx.link/2ax1", "daily": [ { "fxDate": "2021-11-15", "sunrise": "06:58", "sunset": "16:59", "moonrise": "15:16", "moonset": "03:40", "moonPhase": "盈凸月", "moonPhaseIcon": "803", "tempMax": "12", "tempMin": "-1", "iconDay": "101", "textDay": "多云", "iconNight": "150", "textNight": "晴", "wind360Day": "45", "windDirDay": "东北风", "windScaleDay": "1-2", "windSpeedDay": "3", "wind360Night": "0", "windDirNight": "北风", "windScaleNight": "1-2", "windSpeedNight": "3", "humidity": "65", "precip": "0.0", "pressure": "1020", "vis": "25", "cloud": "4", "uvIndex": "3" }, { "fxDate": "2021-11-16", "sunrise": "07:00", "sunset": "16:58", "moonrise": "15:38", "moonset": "04:40", "moonPhase": "盈凸月", "moonPhaseIcon": "803", "tempMax": "13", "tempMin": "0", "iconDay": "100", "textDay": "晴", "iconNight": "101", "textNight": "多云", "wind360Day": "225", "windDirDay": "西南风", "windScaleDay": "1-2", "windSpeedDay": "3", "wind360Night": "225", "windDirNight": "西南风", "windScaleNight": "1-2", "windSpeedNight": "3", "humidity": "74", "precip": "0.0", "pressure": "1016", "vis": "25", "cloud": "1", "uvIndex": "3" }, { "fxDate": "2021-11-17", "sunrise": "07:01", "sunset": "16:57", "moonrise": "16:01", "moonset": "05:41", "moonPhase": "盈凸月", "moonPhaseIcon": "803", "tempMax": "13", "tempMin": "0", "iconDay": "100", "textDay": "晴", "iconNight": "150", "textNight": "晴", "wind360Day": "225", "windDirDay": "西南风", "windScaleDay": "1-2", "windSpeedDay": "3", "wind360Night": "225", "windDirNight": "西南风", "windScaleNight": "1-2", "windSpeedNight": "3", "humidity": "56", "precip": "0.0", "pressure": "1009", "vis": "25", "cloud": "0", "uvIndex": "3" } ], "refer": { "sources": [ "QWeather", "NMC", "ECMWF" ], "license": [ "commercial license" ] } }
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108代码
// 请求方式:GET 获取一周天气预报 getWeekRequest() { // 每一个httpRequest对应一个http请求任务,不可复用 let httpRequest = http.createHttp() let url = 'https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/7d?location=101010100&key=48fbadf80bbc43ce853ab9a92408373e' httpRequest.request(url, (err, data) => { if (!err) { if (data.responseCode == 200) { console.info('=====data.result=====' + data.result) // 解析数据 var weatherModel: WeatherModel = JSON.parse(data.result.toString()) // 判断接口返回码,0成功 if (weatherModel.code == 200) { // 设置数据 this.future = weatherModel.daily this.isRequestSucceed = true; ForEach(weatherModel.daily, (item: WeatherWeekData) => { console.log(console.info('=====data.result+item.fxDate=====' + item.fxDate)) }, item => item.date) console.info('=====data.result===' + weatherModel.daily) } else { // 接口异常,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: "数据请求失败" }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: '网络异常' }) } } else { // 请求失败,弹出提示 prompt.showToast({ message: err.message }) } }) }
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142 更多鸿蒙开发知识更新在gitee.com/li-shizhen-skin/harmony-os/blob/master/README.md参考学习。城市搜索
调用接口(Get方式)
请求URL
# 搜索关键字beij // https://geoapi.qweather.com/v2/city/lookup?location=beij&key=你的KEY 12 location
需要查询地区的名称,支持文字、以英文逗号分隔的经度,纬度坐标(十进制,最多支持小数点后两位)、LocationID或Adcode(仅限中国城市)。例如 location=北京 或 location=116.41,39.92
模糊搜索,当location传递的为文字时,支持模糊搜索,即用户可以只输入城市名称一部分进行搜索,最少一个汉字或2个字符,结果将按照相关性和Rank值进行排列,便于开发或用户进行选择他们需要查看哪个城市的天气。例如location=bei,将返回与bei相关性最强的若干结果,包括黎巴嫩的贝鲁特和中国的北京市
重名,当location传递的为文字时,可能会出现重名的城市,例如陕西省西安市、吉林省辽源市下辖的西安区和黑龙江省牡丹江市下辖的西安区,此时会根据Rank值排序返回所有结果。在这种情况下,可以通过adm参数的方式进一步确定需要查询的城市或地区,例如location=西安&adm=黑龙江
名词解释
Rank值Rank值是表明一个城市或地区排名的数字,基于多种因素综合计算而来,例如:人口、面积、GDP、搜索热度等。取值范围为1-10,在定位搜索服务中,返回的结果除了关键字的相关性以外,也会参考该城市的Rank值。数值越大代表该城市或地区的人口越多、面积更大或更加热门。例如陕西省西安市的Rank值就要比黑龙江省牡丹江市西安区更高,当使用“西安”作为关键字定位的时候,西安市的排名要高于西安区。
LocationIDLocationID或locid,是城市、地区或POI点的ID,一般由数字或字母+数字组成,是一个地点的唯一标识。LocationID可以通过定位搜索服务获取,中国地区、热门海外城市、一些POI点的LocationID还可以通过[城市列表]下载。
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